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Did crypto-Jews invent the modern tarot deck?

JL;DR SUMMARY Stav Appel, an accidental historian, argues that the tarot cards, specifically the Jean Noblet Tarot de Marseille, might have been invented by crypto-Jews as an educational tool to preserve Jewish knowledge during a time of intense antisemitic persecution in medieval Europe. A way out west there was a fella, fella I want to tell you about, fella by the name of Jeff Lebowski. At least, that was the handle his lovin' parents gave him, but he never had much use for it himself. This Lebowski, he called himself the Dude. Now, Dude, that's a name no one would self-apply where I come from. But then, there was a lot about the Dude that didn't make a whole lot of sense to me. And a lot about where he lived, likewise. But then again, maybe that's why I found the place s'durned innarestin'.

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Tags

Jewish HistoryJewish MysticismMedieval EuropeEducational ToolsCrypto JewsTorah StoriesTarotJean Noblet TarotHidden Symbols

Places mentioned

Italy
"Imagine you were a Jewish converso, secretly living in Italy or France after King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella had expelled your family from Spain."
France
"Imagine you were a Jewish converso, secretly living in Italy or France after King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella had expelled your family from Spain."
Jerusalem, Israel
"Some of his formative years were spent in Israel, where he studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, but he is not a rabbi or any sort of formal Torah educator."
New York, United States
"He lives in upstate New York, has an MBA from Yale and has spent his professional life as an organizational design consultant and data analyst."
Ferrara, Italy
"The word tarot comes from an Italian dialect word tarocci, which means the fool, and was first documented in 1516 in Ferrara, Italy."
Avignon, Vaucluse, France
"Appel thinks the etymological shift was due to a wave of conversos fleeing Spain who began using the cards as a secret Jewish tool, as both Ferrara and Avignon were home to many crypto-Jews."
Spain
"Imagine you were a Jewish converso, secretly living in Italy or France after King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella had expelled your family from Spain."

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Cairo Item ID 66218
Cairo Source ID 35
Retrieved 2025-11-08 05:31:01 UTC
Curated 2025-11-08 08:30:47 UTC